In today’s world, scammers use increasingly sophisticated schemes. To help you avoid becoming a victim, here is a brief overview of the most common frauds.

1. Phishing websites and emails
   • What is it? Fake websites and emails impersonating well-known banks, government agencies (e.g., Public Services, Tax Office) or online stores. Their goal is to make you enter your login, password, or card details.
   • How to protect yourself
     • Always check the site address in the browser — the official address is written correctly, without extra characters or typos.
     • Do not click suspicious links in emails or SMS. If unsure, call the organization’s official number listed on their website.
     • Do not download attachments from unknown senders.

2. Fake loan brokers
   • What is it? Calls or messages offering loans on favorable terms with guaranteed approval, even if you have a bad credit history. They often demand prepayment for “services,” “insurance,” or “processing” and disappear after receiving money.
   • How to protect yourself
     • Remember: legitimate banks never charge an advance for loan consideration or processing.
     • Loans should ONLY be obtained from official banks or licensed credit organizations authorized by the Central Bank.
     • Don’t trust “100% approval” offers.

3. Financial pyramids
   • What is it? Organizations promising very high returns (e.g., 30% per month). They pay old investors using funds from new ones. When new inflows stop, the scheme collapses and most investors lose their money.
   • How to protect yourself
     • Ask where such high returns come from — if there’s no clear answer (production or sale of goods), it’s likely a pyramid.
     • Avoid projects where the main income is recruiting other participants.

4. Malicious files and programs
   • What is it? Viruses and trojans disguised as useful programs or documents (e.g., “Court_Notice.pdf.exe”) or as movie files. They can lock your computer or steal online-banking credentials.
   • How to protect yourself
     • Don’t download or open files from untrusted sources.
     • Use licensed antivirus software and update it regularly.
     • Pay attention to file extensions — a “document” ending in .exe, .scr, or .bat is a virus.

5. Deepfake video and audio (AI)
   • What is it? Technology that creates fake but highly realistic videos or audio recordings showing another person’s face and voice. Scammers may impersonate a relative, manager, or official to extort money.
   • How to protect yourself
     • If a relative urgently asks for a large transfer via video or phone — do NOT panic.
     • Call them back on a known number to verify.
     • Agree on a “secret word” with relatives for emergency situations.

Main rule: Trust, but verify! Your financial safety is in your hands.